The stone ages
At one point in time, everything was made of stone: axes, spear, arrowhead, tables and chairs. The Stone Age was far longer than a century it lasted for almost 2 million 6 hundred thousand years. At that time the earth wasn’t roamed by people as we know them today, but our ancestors already knew how to make very basic tools and their time of existence was known as the stone age which ended only some 8-6 thousand years ago.
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Mathematics
Let us consider a circle and a point that does not belong to it. Connect all points of a circle with the given point by line segments and draw perpendicular lines through their midpoints. These straight lines will fi ll a part of the plane as if bending round the untouched areas. In the case when the selected point lies inside the circle, the envelope boundary will be an ellipse, and if the point is outside the circle — a hyperbola. A similar operation can be performed with a straight line and a point that lies outside it. In this case, the boundary will be a parabola.
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Physics
In Dan Browns novel Angels and Demons, villains steal a gram of antimatter from CERN and threaten to blow up Rome. Now we know that when a substance meets antimatter, both masses disappear, turning into radiation strictly according to Einstein's formula: E = mc2. As you can see, there is a monstrous magnitude in this formula — 300,000,000 meters per second, which is the speed of light, squared. This makes antimatter much more powerful than a thermonuclear bomb. Calculations show that the annihilation of that stolen gram of antimatter would be equivalent to 430 kilotons of TNT!
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Chemistry
The brighter — the warmer? Life experience tells us that these two concepts are inseparable. however, the laws of chemistry refute this interdependence: matter can glow “cold,” with no heating at all. And what is most surprising — such phenomena occur literally everywhere. To illuminate a room, you can switch on a light bulb, but if you are in a dark grove, you will have to build a fire. The bigger the fire, the more light there is. You can also warm yourself up if the night is cold. In the morning, a natural light source will be back — the sun, heated up to 6000 K, giving Fluorite crystals can glow when heated — the process of thermoluminescence. Fluorite is a typical fluorescent mineral, but when it is warmed up or irradiated with ultraviolet light, it starts to phosphoresce. For matter to fl uoresce, an electron in its atom must reduce its energy, that is, move to a lower energy level, emitting the excess energy as a particle of light, a photon. But first, the electron absorbs energy and gets into an excited state. It stays there for a while and, at an arbitrary moment, jumps down, emitting a photon. There are many electrons, so photons are emitted almost at all times, and the substance glows continuously and gradually dies away while the number of excited electrons decreases.
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Biology
The heart is an essential organ of the human body. Scientists say that with age, the heart increases in size directly proportionally to the growth of a persons own fist. Ancient people thought that the heart was the chief organ which controlled the whole body and so people used to believe everything related to the human condition and relationships was connected with the heart. Now, of course, we understand that this is the work of the brain. Certain expressions emerged, such as “stout-hearted,” “a warm-hearted person,” and “I love you with all my heart,” though it would be more accurate to say “I love you with all my brain.”
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At one point in time, everything was made of stone: axes, spear, arrowhead, tables and chairs. The Stone Age was far longer than a century it lasted for almost 2 million 6 hundred thousand years. At that time the earth wasn’t roamed by people as we know them today, but our ancestors already knew how to make very basic tools and their time of existence was known as the stone age which ended only some 8-6 thousand years ago.
On February 22, 2017, NASA convened a press conference, where it promised to announce the very important discovery of something, “beyond the solar system”. There were vague hints that it could be about something related to extra terrestrial life. Instead NASA announced the discovery of star system TRAPPIST-1.
We have known from a long time about how the properties of elements depend on their atomic masses. But only in the 19th century did the scientific community begin active attempts to crack open the periodic law. This law explains what the properties of atoms depend on and which reactions are characteristic for different elements – despite the fact that they are all composed of the very same electrons and protons.
