Matter is everything that surrounds us, and we ourselves consist of may atoms, called chemical elements. In order to understand the origin of this diversity, one has to look into the distant past. According to the big bang theory the universe came into existence 13.7 billion years ago from a tiny point called the singularity. Calculations show that its density and temperature were infinitely high. At some point in time, the point began to grow and cool down- its energy began to dissipate through the expanding universe with great speed.